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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

83.4K
A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
83.4K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K

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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

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PolyA tracks, polybasic peptides, poly-translational hurdles.

Laura L Arthur1, Sergej Djuranovic1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

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|June 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and protein synthesis are regulated by the poly(A) tail. Coding poly(A) tracks within mRNA influence gene expression and cellular responses.

Keywords:
RNA biologymRNA turnovertranslationtranslational control

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • RNA Metabolism

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance dictates protein synthesis levels.
  • The poly(A) tail on mRNA transcripts is a known regulator of translation efficiency and mRNA stability.
  • Aberrant polyadenylation or lack of stop codons triggers cellular surveillance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of coding poly(A) tracks on mRNA stability and translation.
  • To explore the cellular consequences of translating poly(A) sequences into polybasic peptides.
  • To highlight the biological significance of conserved poly(A) tracks in gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA stability and translation efficiency.
  • Investigation of cellular responses to poly(A) track translation.
  • Comparative genomics to assess codon usage in poly(A) tracks across species.

Main Results:

  • Poly(A) sequences within the open reading frame, and the resulting polybasic peptides, significantly affect mRNA stability and translation.
  • Conserved codon usage in poly(A) tracks across organisms suggests functional importance.
  • Cellular surveillance mechanisms are implicated in response to poly(A) track translation.

Conclusions:

  • Coding poly(A) tracks represent a novel regulatory mechanism in gene expression.
  • Translation of poly(A) sequences into polybasic peptides has significant cellular consequences.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending gene regulation and RNA surveillance.