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Early excessive growth with distinct seasonality in preschool obesity

Tsuyoshi Isojima1, Noriko Kato2, Susumu Yokoya3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|June 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with obesity show accelerated weight gain during summer months, a pattern detectable from age two. This early growth seasonality is linked to later obesity in elementary school.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Growth and Development Studies
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Healthy-weight children exhibit seasonal weight fluctuations, gaining in winter and losing in summer.
  • Overweight children in elementary school show accelerated weight gain during summer.
  • The occurrence of seasonal growth variations in preschool-aged children is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether seasonal growth variations, specifically accelerated weight gain during summer, occur in preschool children.
  • To determine if this growth seasonality is associated with later obesity development.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide retrospective cohort study analyzed height and weight data from 15,259 preschool children over 6-month intervals.
  • Growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for summer (April-October) and winter (October-April) periods.
  • Children were classified by BMI status at elementary school entry to analyze longitudinal growth seasonality.

Main Results:

  • Obese preschool children exhibited accelerated summertime weight and BMI gain, a pattern observed from approximately age two.
  • This early growth seasonality was a significant predictor of obesity at elementary school entry (OR: 3.7).
  • Obese children demonstrated faster height gain compared to other groups across all ages.

Conclusions:

  • Early excessive growth with distinct seasonality is evident in preschool children who are obese.
  • Healthcare providers should monitor early excessive growth and seasonality in preschool children as a potential indicator of obesity.
Abstract

Keywords:
body mass indexgrowthobesitypreschoolseasonality

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