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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

471
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

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Genome 3D-architecture: Its plasticity in relation to function.

Kundan Sengupta1

  • 1Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India, kunsen@iiserpune.ac.in.

Journal of Biosciences
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher eukaryotic genomes organize chromatin dynamically within the nucleus. This review explores how phase separation creates non-membranous compartments, regulating nuclear functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The interphase nucleus in higher eukaryotes exhibits non-random genome organization.
  • Nuclear functions are coordinated through dynamic chromatin organization, despite the lack of membrane-bound compartments.
  • Chromatin plasticity is influenced by epigenetic modifications and interactions with nuclear structures like the nuclear envelope and nucleolus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of phase separation in organizing nuclear sub-compartments.
  • To elucidate how these non-membranous compartments regulate nuclear structure-function relationships.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on the principles of biological phase separation within the nucleus.

Main Results:

  • Phase separation drives the formation of non-membranous nuclear sub-compartments.
  • These compartments, such as the nucleolus and heterochromatin, constrain biochemical reactions.
  • This mechanism is crucial for regulating nuclear organization and function in the absence of membranes.

Conclusions:

  • Phase separation is a key mechanism for nuclear organization in eukaryotes.
  • Understanding these phase-separated compartments is vital for comprehending nuclear structure-function dynamics.
  • This process highlights the cell's ability to create functional order without membrane boundaries.