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Bilirubin detoxification using different phytomaterials: characterization and in vitro studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Hepatology
  • Adsorption Technology

Background:

  • Activated carbon (AC) is widely used in artificial and bioartificial liver devices for adsorption.
  • Protein-bound toxins, such as bilirubin, pose a challenge in liver support systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize AC from natural precursors: date pits, jojoba seeds, and microalgae.
  • To evaluate the bilirubin adsorption capacity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized AC.
  • To assess the suitability of AC in supporting liver cell viability in 3D cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Physical activation was used to produce AC from date pits, jojoba seeds, and microalgae.
  • Bilirubin adsorption capacity was determined using isotherm-modeling analysis.
  • Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assays on normal (THLE2) and cancer (HepG2) liver cells.
  • Liver cell integrity was evaluated in 3D cultures using fluorescent microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Date pit-derived AC demonstrated superior bilirubin adsorption capacity and selectivity compared to jojoba and microalgae-derived AC.
  • Date pit AC exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity, preserving the viability of both normal and cancer liver cells.
  • Date pit AC best maintained liver cell integrity in 3D culture, outperforming other AC types.

Conclusions:

  • Date pit-based AC is a novel and effective biomaterial for removing protein-bound toxins.
  • This AC shows significant potential as an alternative material for bioartificial liver devices.
  • The findings support the use of date pits as a sustainable precursor for advanced adsorbent materials.