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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Group Therapy01:26

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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report
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Navigated Laser Therapy for Diabetic Macular Oedema.

Marcus Kernt1, Michael Ulbig1, Anselm Kampik2

  • 1Consultant and Retina Specialist, Department of Ophthalmology.

European Endocrinology
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Navigated laser therapy enhances retinal treatments with computer assistance for precision and patient comfort. Combining anti-VEGF therapy with navigated macular laser reduces intervention frequency for conditions like diabetic macular edema.

Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathyETDRSdiabetesmacular oedemanavigated laser therapypattern laser

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Conventional laser photocoagulation for retinal conditions can be limited by precision and standardization.
  • Navigated laser therapy systems offer computer-assisted precision and improved patient comfort.
  • Established applications include diabetic macular edema (DMO), retinal vein occlusions (RVO), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and benefits of navigated laser therapy in retinal treatments.
  • To assess the advantages of navigated macular laser combined with anti-VEGF therapy for center-involving DMO.
  • To compare navigated laser therapy with conventional methods regarding precision, safety, and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Navilas system for computer-assisted retinal laser photocoagulation.
  • Applied navigated laser therapy for DMO, RVO, and panretinal photocoagulation in PDR.
  • Investigated combined anti-VEGF and navigated macular laser therapy for center-involving DMO.

Main Results:

  • Navigated laser therapy demonstrates high precision, safety, and standardization benefits.
  • Successful treatment outcomes were observed in DMO, RVO, and PDR cases.
  • Combined initial anti-VEGF and navigated macular laser therapy achieved sustained treatment success with fewer interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Navigated laser therapy offers significant advantages over conventional retinal laser treatments.
  • The combination of anti-VEGF and navigated macular laser therapy is effective for center-involving DMO, reducing the need for repeat treatments.
  • Navigated laser therapy improves treatment standardization, documentation, and patient comfort.