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Published on: May 5, 2023
Epigenetic Modifications Linked to T2D, the Heritability Gap, and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Monica Szabó1,2, Beáta Máté3, Katalin Csép4
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania. szabo.monika@umftgm.ro.
Abstract:
With the pandemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D), there is an ever-increasing need to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Type 2 diabetes shows a high heritability risk (25-80%); however, genes account only for 10% of this risk. From all the risk factors for diabetes, epigenetic mechanisms have the highest statistical scoring in explaining the disease. A multitude of organ-specific epigenomic changes have been linked to type 2 diabetes. Nutritional influences, mainly in the early life, physical activity level, environmental toxins act as epigenetic factors and the recognized epigenetic changes can represent a therapeutical target, new drugs being currently in development for this application. Our current review focuses on the most common epigenetic modifications linked to type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance, the potentially emerging epigenetic-related interventions and pharmacoepigenetic knowledge.
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