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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
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Commentary: Measuring Language Change Through Natural Language Samples.

Mihaela Barokova1, Helen Tager-Flusberg2

  • 1Center for Autism Research Excellence, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 100 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. barokova@bu.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural language samples offer a promising way to assess expressive language in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These assessments are sensitive to change and capture communication heterogeneity, aiding intervention research.

Keywords:
AutismLanguageNatural language samplesOutcome measures

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Language is crucial for social communication and predicting outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Existing language assessments for ASD may not fully capture individual differences or be sensitive to change.
  • There is a need for easily obtainable, sensitive outcome measures for intervention research in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the use of natural language samples (NLS) as a valid measure of expressive language and communication in ASD.
  • To review the current literature on NLS implementation in ASD research.
  • To discuss conceptual and measurement challenges and outline future directions for NLS in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies utilizing natural language samples in autism spectrum disorder research.
  • Conceptual analysis of language assessment in ASD, focusing on psychometric properties.
  • Discussion of measurement issues and potential future developments for NLS.

Main Results:

  • Natural language samples demonstrate potential as sensitive measures of expressive language in ASD.
  • NLS can capture the heterogeneity of language abilities within the ASD population.
  • Existing research supports the feasibility and utility of NLS in ASD studies.

Conclusions:

  • Natural language samples are a valuable tool for assessing expressive language and communication in individuals with ASD.
  • Implementing NLS can enhance the sensitivity and relevance of outcome measures in ASD intervention research.
  • Further development and standardization of NLS methods are recommended for widespread adoption.