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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

220.2K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
220.2K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.4K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.4K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.4K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.7K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.7K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.7K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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Neuromeningeal prophylaxis for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Karima Kacem, Sami Zriba

    La Tunisie Medicale
    |June 7, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neuromeningeal relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is rare but deadly. This review examines risk factors and discusses CNS prophylaxis strategies to improve outcomes for lymphoma patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Hematology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Neuromeningeal relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare but serious complication.
    • Early mortality is high due to the aggressive nature of CNS involvement.
    • Identifying risk factors and optimizing prophylaxis are crucial for improving patient prognosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in DLBCL.
    • To outline and discuss various CNS prophylaxis strategies.
    • To identify risk factors associated with an increased risk of CNS relapse.

    Main Methods:

    • Extensive literature search on CNS relapse in DLBCL.
    • Review of studies detailing CNS prophylaxis administration.

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    Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
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  • Analysis of risk factors, including elevated LDH, extranodal sites, and specific anatomical locations.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuromeningeal relapse in DLBCL is associated with poor prognosis and high early mortality.
    • Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), multiple extranodal sites, and certain anatomical sites are identified risk factors.
    • Current data on the optimal timing and methods for CNS prophylaxis remain limited.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective CNS prophylaxis strategies are needed to reduce the incidence of neuromeningeal relapse in DLBCL.
    • Further research is required to define the optimal place and methods for administering CNS prophylaxis.
    • Addressing risk factors and improving prophylaxis could significantly impact survival rates for DLBCL patients.