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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Rhythmic speech and stuttering reduction in a syllable-timed language.

Thomas Law1,2, Ann Packman1, Mark Onslow1

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Syllable-timed speech (STS) significantly reduced stuttering in Cantonese speakers, though less than in other languages. Individual rhythmicity correlated with stuttering reduction, offering new insights into fluency.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Speech-language pathology
  • Neurology of speech

Background:

  • Syllable-timed speech (STS) is a known fluency-inducing condition for individuals who stutter.
  • Cantonese, a tonal syllable-timed language, is considered highly rhythmic.
  • The effect of STS on stuttering in Cantonese has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of syllable-timed speech (STS) on stuttering in native Cantonese speakers.
  • To determine if STS reduces stuttering in a syllable-timed language like Cantonese.
  • To explore the relationship between speech rhythmicity and stuttering reduction in Cantonese.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen native Cantonese-speaking adults who stutter participated in conversational tasks.
  • Participants spoke in both their usual style and using STS.
  • Speech rhythmicity and percentage syllables stuttered (%SS) were rated to assess STS use and stuttering reduction.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant reduction in %SS was observed during STS.
  • The reduction in stuttering was less pronounced than in previous studies on other languages.
  • Individual differences in perceived rhythmicity positively correlated with the degree of stuttering reduction.

Conclusions:

  • STS can reduce stuttering in Cantonese, but the effect may vary across individuals and languages.
  • The findings challenge expectations that highly rhythmic languages would yield greater stuttering reduction with STS.
  • Further research is needed to understand the theoretical and clinical implications for stuttering treatment in different linguistic contexts.