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Evidence for the Existence of a CXCL17 Receptor Distinct from GPR35

Nurul A S Binti Mohd Amir1,2, Amanda E Mackenzie3, Laura Jenkins3

  • 1Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|June 8, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study investigated the chemokine CXCL17 and its potential receptor GPR35. Findings indicate GPR35 is not a receptor for CXCL17, suggesting an unidentified receptor mediates CXCL17

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chemokine CXCL17 is linked to innate immunity in mucosal tissues but remains poorly understood.
  • G protein-coupled receptor GPR35, found on monocytes and mast cells, is implicated in immune responses, but its exact function is unclear.
  • A prior study suggested GPR35 signals in response to CXCL17, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm or refute the reported interaction between chemokine CXCL17 and GPR35.
  • To investigate the migratory response of human monocytes and THP-1 cells to CXCL17.
  • To identify the receptor responsible for mediating cellular responses to CXCL17.

Main Methods:

  • Assays for beta-arrestin recruitment, inositol phosphate production, calcium flux, and receptor endocytosis to test GPR35 signaling.
  • Chemotaxis assays using varying CXCL17 concentrations with GPR35-expressing cells.
  • Real-time chemotaxis assay (TAXIScan) on human monocytes and THP-1 cells exposed to CXCL17 gradients, with and without PGE2 and GPR35 antagonist ML145.

Main Results:

  • GPR35 failed to signal in response to CXCL17 across multiple functional assays, including beta-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux.
  • Human monocytes showed no migration towards CXCL17, while THP-1 cells exhibited a trend towards migration, enhanced by PGE2.
  • The GPR35 antagonist ML145 did not significantly inhibit the migration of PGE2-treated THP-1 cells towards CXCL17, and CXCL17 cleavage by chymase had minimal impact on recruitment.

Conclusions:

  • GPR35 is unlikely to be a functional receptor for the chemokine CXCL17.
  • THP-1 cells possess an as-yet unidentified receptor that mediates migration in response to CXCL17.
  • Further research is needed to identify the specific receptor for CXCL17 involved in immune cell migration.

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