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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

492
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

75.4K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
75.4K
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

3.8K
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
3.8K
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

6.9K
The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Kidney Transplantation.

Héloïse Cardinal1,2,3, Mélanie Dieudé1,2, Marie-Josée Hébert1,2,3

  • 1Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Kidney transplant recipients frequently experience endothelial injury from various causes, impacting graft function and survival. This review details the causes and long-term consequences of endothelial damage in kidney transplantation.

Keywords:
alloantibodiesapoptosisautoantibodiesendothelial injurykidney transplantationnecroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation immunology
  • Endothelial biology

Background:

  • Endothelial injury is a significant complication in kidney transplantation.
  • The endothelium is susceptible to damage from ischemia-reperfusion, alloantibodies, and autoantibodies.
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to delayed graft function post-transplant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for endothelial injury in kidney transplantation.
  • To explore the causes of endothelial damage, including rejection and autoantibodies.
  • To discuss the long-term consequences of endothelial injury on graft outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature.
  • Evidence for endothelial injury, its causes, and consequences was synthesized.
  • Mechanisms involving caspase-3 activation and extracellular vesicles were examined.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial injury is a common occurrence in kidney transplantation.
  • Causes include ischemia-reperfusion, T-cell mediated rejection, and antibody-mediated rejection.
  • Activated caspase-3 in endothelial cells releases vesicles that promote further injury and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial injury has profound adverse effects on kidney graft function and survival.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving transplant outcomes.
  • Targeting endothelial injury pathways may offer therapeutic strategies.