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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
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Deflection of a Beam01:19

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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
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Phase Diagrams02:39

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

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In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
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Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

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In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
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Related Experiment Video

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Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Image authentication using a vector beam with sparse phase information.

Areeba Fatima, Naveen K Nishchal

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |June 8, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new optical information authentication method using vector beams and Stokes polarimetry. The technique efficiently authenticates two images from a single ciphertext, enhancing security.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Information Security
    • Digital Image Processing

    Background:

    • Optical information authentication is crucial for data security.
    • Existing methods often require complex setups or multiple ciphertexts.
    • Vector beams offer unique properties for optical encoding.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel optical information authentication scheme.
    • To utilize Stokes polarimetry of vector beams for enhanced security.
    • To enable authentication of two images from a single ciphertext.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating phase-only functions of plaintext using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm.
    • Tailoring the phase of a vector beam with partial phase function information.
    • Recording Stokes parameters of the vector beam to create a sparse ciphertext.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed scheme generates a ciphertext containing sparse information of the input image.
    • Successful authentication of two images from a single real ciphertext was demonstrated.
    • Computer simulations confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel optical information authentication scheme using vector beams is feasible.
    • The method provides an efficient way to authenticate multiple images with reduced data.
    • This approach enhances optical security and information integrity.