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    We developed a novel low-coherence reflectometer using a diffraction grating pair for rapid optical delay scanning. This system achieves a 2.5 mm depth range with 20 μm axial resolution, enabling advanced optical measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry
    • Optical Metrology

    Background:

    • Low-coherence interferometry is crucial for precise depth measurements.
    • Existing rapidly scanning optical delay lines (RSODLs) face limitations in speed and tunability.
    • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) offer potential for miniaturized and fast optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a simple, low-coherence time-domain interferometric reflectometer with a novel RSODL.
    • To demonstrate the capability of a diffraction grating (DG) pair for dynamic group delay and dispersion tuning.
    • To enable fast scanning optics using MEMS technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a non-parallel diffraction grating (DG) pair in the reference channel of a reflectometer.
    • Focused the reference lightwave onto a galvo-mirror in a sub-millimeter static spot for MEMS integration.
    • Operated the DG pair as a non-dispersive element for dynamic group delay control.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a depth range of 2.5 mm in air with an axial resolution of 20 μm.
    • Demonstrated the DG pair's ability to provide dynamic group delay for the reference lightwave.
    • Showcased the tunability of the RSODL dispersion from negative to positive values.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DG-based RSODL is a simple and effective solution for low-coherence interferometry.
    • The system's fast scanning capability and tunable dispersion open possibilities for advanced optical sensing.
    • The integration with MEMS scan optics enhances the potential for compact and high-performance reflectometers.