Optical parameters of human blood plasma, collagen, and calfskin based on the Stokes-Mueller technique

A decoupled analytical technique based on the Stokes-Mueller matrix decomposition method extracts polarization properties of human blood plasma, collagen solution, and calfskin. The proposed method is applied initially to extract the nine effective optical parameters of human blood plasma samples containing D-glucose powder with concentrations ranging from 0-1 M. The optical rotation angle of circular birefringence (CB) increases linearly with the glucose concentration in human blood plasma samples (r²=0.9782) and in tissue phantom samples (r²=0.9939). Meanwhile, the phase retardance of linear birefringence (LB) increases slightly from 0° to almost 2° as the D-glucose concentration increases. However, for the plasma samples, the optical rotation angle increases by 1.07±0.1  deg for each additional mole of D-glucose, while, for the tissue phantom samples, the optical rotation angle increases by 0.75±0.1  deg. For collagen solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mg/mL, a strong linear relationship (r²=0.9936) is observed between the phase retardance of linear birefringence and the collagen concentration. Finally, for the calfskin samples, the linear birefringence reduces exponentially (r²=0.9689) over time following collagenase treatment. Overall, the decoupled analytical model provides a reliable and straightforward technique for detecting the optical properties of laboratory and natural biological samples. As a result, it has significant potential for diagnostic applications and the structural analysis of biological tissues.