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Related Concept Videos

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice01:30

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

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Theories play an essential role in organizing patient care. Theories refer to a proposed or followed belief, policy, or procedure that is the basis for action. Nursing theories are knowledge-based concepts that guide nurses' actions, influence nursing education and practice, and allow nurses to care for their patients.
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation
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A Control Theoretic Model of Adaptive Learning in Dynamic Environments.

Harrison Ritz1, Matthew R Nassar1, Michael J Frank1

  • 1Brown University.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|June 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Humans adapt to changing environments using principles similar to engineering

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Control Theory

Background:

  • Adaptive behavior in dynamic environments requires monitoring feedback and adjusting predictions.
  • Control theory offers principles for regulating systems, often without needing a generative model.
  • The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is a widely used industrial control model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the PID algorithm can model human sequential prediction adjustments in response to new information.
  • To compare PID model performance against established psychological and computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalyzed a change-point detection experiment (Experiment 1).
  • Developed and utilized a novel task with gradual environmental transitions (Experiments 2-3).

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  • Compared behavioral adjustments to predictions from PID, delta-rule, and Kalman filter models.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants' behavior incorporated elements of PID updating in a change-point detection task.
    • The PID model provided a better description of behavioral adjustments than delta-rule and Kalman filter models.
    • PID control terms were modulated by reward, surprise, and outcome entropy.

    Conclusions:

    • The PID controller effectively models human adaptive learning in noisy, dynamic environments.
    • Human adaptive learning in changing environments shows similarities to PID control principles.
    • PID control offers a promising framework for understanding biological adaptive systems.