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Related Concept Videos

Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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Standard Solutions01:14

Standard Solutions

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis CASP - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis
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Premise for Standardized Sepsis Models.

Daniel G Remick1, Alfred Ayala2, Irshad H Chaudry3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
|June 8, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing preclinical sepsis models, like cecal ligation and puncture, can improve research reproducibility. This standardization is crucial for accelerating the development of effective sepsis therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Sepsis research
  • Preclinical disease modeling

Background:

  • Sepsis significantly impacts patient health and healthcare costs.
  • Current preclinical sepsis models yield inconsistent results, hindering therapeutic development.
  • Standardized models in other diseases have accelerated research and therapeutic testing.

Discussion:

  • The National Institutes of Health emphasizes data reproducibility and rigorous scientific experimentation.
  • Standardizing preclinical sepsis models aligns with NIH mandates for improved research rigor.
  • Refinement of models like cecal ligation and puncture is proposed as a first step.

Key Insights:

  • Divergent outcomes in sepsis research impede progress.
  • Standardization of models enhances reproducibility and inter-laboratory comparability.
  • Developing standardized parameters for organ injury and immune dysfunction is essential.

Outlook:

  • Standardized sepsis models can accelerate the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics.
  • Improved understanding of sepsis pathogenesis is anticipated with standardized approaches.
  • This initiative aims to overcome current limitations in sepsis research and treatment development.