Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 9, 2026
10:01
Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
Published on: April 23, 2012
18.7K
Examining Potential Boundary Bias Effects in Kernel Smoothing on Equating: An Introduction for the Adaptive and
Jaime A Cid1, Alina A von Davier1
1Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Applied Psychological Measurement
|June 9, 2018
Summary
Kernel equating (KE) can be biased by extreme scores. This study explores atypical score effects on KE and introduces Epanechnikov and adaptive kernels to reduce boundary bias in test score equating.
Area of Science:
- Psychometrics
- Educational Measurement
- Statistical Modeling
Background:
- Test equating ensures comparability across different test forms.
- Kernel equating (KE) uses Gaussian kernel smoothing for score distribution continuization.
- Boundary bias in KE may arise from smaller sample sizes at score distribution endpoints.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the impact of extreme scores (spikes) on KE with asymmetric distributions.
- Evaluate alternative kernels (Epanechnikov, adaptive) to mitigate boundary bias in smoothing.
Main Methods:
- Simulated observed scores using the beta-binomial model for skewed distributions.
- Employed the randomly equivalent groups equating design (Study I).
- Introduced Epanechnikov and adaptive kernels (Study II).
Main Results:
- Atypical scores at distribution extremes can affect KE results.
- Epanechnikov and adaptive kernels show potential for reducing boundary bias.
Conclusions:
- The choice of kernel and handling of extreme scores are critical in test equating.
- Alternative kernels offer promising solutions for improving the accuracy of KE.
More Related Videos
05:22Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support
Published on: January 25, 2022
4.3K
07:56Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses
Published on: June 8, 2022
4.8K
Related Concept Videos
01:20Introduction to Differential Equations
147
A differential equation is a mathematical expression that establishes a relationship between a function and its derivatives. These equations are fundamental in modeling dynamic systems across various fields of science and engineering. The order of a differential equation is defined by the highest order derivative present in the equation. A first-order differential equation includes only the first derivative, while a second-order differential equation includes up to the second derivative of the...
147
01:21Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
9.7K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
9.7K
01:31Confirmation Biases
8.3K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
8.3K
02:59The Nernst Equation
47.1K
Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
47.1K
01:12Hindsight Biases
4.3K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
4.3K
01:22Bias
7.4K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
7.4K