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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
Published on: July 4, 2018
Direct and delayed admissions to ICU in older medical patients
M Bosch1, N A Zwietering1, H Borggreve2
1MD, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
The aims of this retrospective cohort study were to retrieve characteristics and outcomes of older (65+) medical patients who are directly admitted to ICU from the ED and to compare these with those admitted to ICU from a ward. Of 1396 patients, 21 (1.5%) were directly admitted to ICU and 54 (3.9%) after a delay. Blood pressure was lower and respiratory rate higher in the direct than in the delayed group. The direct group had lower mortality (28-day: 19.0 vs. 38.9%, p=0.14; 1-year: 42.9 vs. 66.7%; p=0.06), shorter length-of-stay and returned more frequently to independent living than the delayed group. Only a fraction of older patients are admitted to ICU; directly admitted patients tend to have better outcomes.
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