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Updated: Feb 9, 2026
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
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Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: missing pieces of an old puzzle
Reza Rahmanzadeh1, Wolfgang Brück2, Alireza Minagar3
1MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, 1136746911 Tehran, Iran.
Reviews in the Neurosciences
|June 9, 2018
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more complex than previously thought. Recent findings reveal MS pathogenesis involves primary degeneration, innate immunity, and CD8 T cells and B cells, not just CD4 T cells.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Neuropathology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) traditionally viewed as CD4 T cell-mediated CNS autoimmunity.
- Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model characterized by white matter lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings that expand the understanding of MS pathogenesis.
- To discuss the implications of these new findings on MS pathology.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on multiple sclerosis.
- Synthesis of findings related to MS pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- MS pathogenesis is more complex than the traditional CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmunity model.
- Evidence suggests primary degenerative processes, including oligodendroglial pathology.
- Involvement of normal-appearing brain tissue abnormalities, gray matter pathology, innate immunity, CD8 T cells, and B cells.
Conclusions:
- The traditional view of MS pathogenesis is incomplete.
- A multifactorial model including degenerative and diverse immune components is necessary for understanding MS.
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