Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.5K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.5K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

7.6K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
7.6K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

68.2K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
68.2K
Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

40.9K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
40.9K
Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

17.3K
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
17.3K
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

131.0K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
131.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rethinking Predictive Processing.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

Nature·2025
Same author

A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour.

Nature·2025
Same author

A subcortical switchboard for perseverative, exploratory and disengaged states.

Nature·2025
Same author

Overwriting an instinct: Visual cortex instructs learning to suppress fear responses.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors.

Nature·2024
Same journal

On aims and methods in field neuroethology: Investigating neural mechanisms of behavior in semi-natural and natural contexts.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Neurobiological interfaces connecting environmental change to monarch butterfly migration.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Learning how to experience the world: From circuits to cell types to genes.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Editorial overview for neurobiology of disease 2026.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Optical voltage imaging: ready to spark systems neuroscience.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

The neuroendocrine basis for parental care in teleost fish.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.3K

Contextual signals in visual cortex.

Adil G Khan1, Sonja B Hofer2

  • 1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vision is an active process where internal signals like actions and expectations shape perception. Recent research in mice reveals how neuronal circuits integrate these contextual signals with visual input.

More Related Videos

Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice
19:32

Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

Published on: March 1, 2014

52.9K
Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation
11:12

Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Published on: October 25, 2010

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.3K
Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice
19:32

Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

Published on: March 1, 2014

52.9K
Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation
11:12

Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Published on: October 25, 2010

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Visual perception is influenced by internal states such as actions, intentions, and expectations.
  • The integration of these internal signals with retinal visual information during visual processing is not well understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending how the brain constructs our visual reality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding how internal contextual signals shape visual representations.
  • To highlight the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying the integration of internal and external sensory information.
  • To focus on research primarily conducted in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Advances in recording and manipulating neuronal activity in specific cell types and axonal projections.
  • Utilizing tools for circuit tracing to map neuronal connections.
  • Reviewing studies focusing on mice models.

Main Results:

  • New insights into neuronal circuit mechanisms are emerging.
  • The role of specific cell types and axonal projections in integrating contextual signals is being elucidated.
  • Progress has been made in understanding how locomotion, behavioral relevance, and predictions influence visual processing.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research, particularly in mice, is significantly improving our understanding of how internal signals shape visual perception.
  • Neuronal circuits play a key role in integrating contextual information with retinal input.
  • Future research will continue to unravel the complexities of active vision.