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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

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Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

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Non-Cardiac Chest Pain.

Thomas Frieling1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, Neurogastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Medicine, HELIOS-Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.

Visceral Medicine
|June 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) significantly impacts quality of life. Multidisciplinary care, especially involving gastroenterology, is crucial for diagnosing and managing this common condition effectively.

Keywords:
AchalasiaDistal esophageal spasmEsophageal motility disordersGERDGastroesophageal refluxJackhammer esophagusNon-cardiac chest painNutcracker esophagus

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) mimics cardiac pain but lacks coronary heart disease evidence.
  • NCCP affects up to 70% of patients, impacting quality of life comparable to cardiac chest pain.
  • Psychological distress in NCCP stems from symptom recurrence, uncertain diagnosis, and fragmented care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing patients presenting with chest pain.
  • To highlight the significant role of gastroenterology in diagnosing non-cardiac chest pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic evaluations for non-cardiac chest pain.
  • Analysis of etiological factors contributing to chest pain, focusing on gastrointestinal causes.

Main Results:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause in 50-60% of NCCP cases.
  • Esophageal motility disorders (nutcracker/jackhammer esophagus, diffuse esophageal spasm, achalasia) account for 15-18%.
  • Other esophageal conditions, including eosinophilic esophagitis, contribute to 32-35% of NCCP.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of chest pain requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Regular interdisciplinary ward rounds are vital for chest pain units.
  • Integrating gastroenterological expertise is essential for accurate NCCP diagnosis and treatment.