How can we improve the outcome for transplant patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infections?

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that are rapidly emerging as pathogens in the transplant population. The prevalence of infection in transplant recipients remains unknown. While guidelines exist for treatment of NTM, neither the American Thoracic Society, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, nor the British Thoracic Society guidelines dictate the approach needed for transplant recipients. Here, we summarize risk factors, important diagnostic and treatment facts, and preventive measures to be taken to help improve outcomes of those infected with NTM infections.