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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs

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IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF ALLOGENEIC MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS OF RATS.

I E Trubitsyna, N A Onishchenko, A V Lyundup

    Eksperimental'Naia I Klinicheskaia Gastroenterologiia = Experimental & Clinical Gastroenterology
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    Summary
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    Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation reduced inflammatory mediators and improved wound healing in rats. This cell therapy shows promise for inflammatory conditions and tissue repair.

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    Area of Science:

    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Immunology
    • Cell Therapy

    Background:

    • Cell therapy, particularly allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is gaining attention for managing inflammatory conditions.
    • Assessing the efficacy and safety of MSCs in acute and chronic inflammation is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of allogeneic bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in promoting the healing of surgical gastric wounds in rats.

    Main Methods:

    • White Wistar rats underwent transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (passages 8-9).
    • Cells were administered at specific doses (3.5x10^6 or 5.0x10^6 cells/ml) on days 3 and/or 7.
    • Serum cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4) were measured using ELISA on days 10 and 17.

    Main Results:

    • MSC introduction led to a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ).
    • A significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was observed.
    • Overall wound healing quality was enhanced.

    Conclusions:

    • Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulates the immune response by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines.
    • The therapeutic effect may stem from MSCs promoting the development of macrophages that secrete tissue-restoring substances.
    • This process helps re-establish immune balance, potentially between Th1 and Th2 responses.