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Cerebellar injury in preterm infants
1Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|June 13, 2018
Summary
Preterm birth can harm the cerebellum, impacting motor and cognitive skills. Targeting modifiable risk factors may prevent these adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Preterm birth is a leading cause of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
- Supratentorial injuries like intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia are well-known consequences.
- The cerebellum is increasingly recognized as a critical site for injury and subsequent motor/cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the cerebellum as a key target of injury in preterm infants.
- To identify potentially modifiable risk factors contributing to cerebellar injury.
- To explore strategies for preventing neurodevelopmental deficits resulting from cerebellar damage.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cerebellar development and injury in preterm infants.
- Analysis of risk factors associated with cerebellar hemorrhage and hypoplasia.
- Discussion of potential therapeutic and preventative strategies.
Main Results:
- The cerebellum undergoes significant growth during the preterm period, making it vulnerable to injury.
- Identified risk factors include intraventricular blood, crossed cerebrocerebellar diaschisis, glucocorticoid and opioid exposure, nutritional status, cardiorespiratory issues, and socioeconomic factors.
- Cerebellar injury can lead to both motor and cognitive impairments.
Conclusions:
- Cerebellar injury is a significant concern in preterm infants, contributing to long-term neurodevelopmental deficits.
- Several modifiable factors influence cerebellar vulnerability and injury.
- Interventions targeting these risk factors hold promise for preventing adverse outcomes.
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