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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
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CRISPR base editors: genome editing without double-stranded breaks.

Ayman Eid1, Sahar Alshareef1, Magdy M Mahfouz2

  • 1Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

The Biochemical Journal
|June 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing advances, including base editing, offer precise DNA modification. New dCas9 fusion strategies enhance gene editing efficiency and applications in biotechnology and disease treatment.

Keywords:
CRISPRCRISPR/Casbase editorsdeaminasesgene editinggenome engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 system enables genome editing but faces challenges like off-target effects and base editing inefficiency.
  • Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fusions with functional domains allow targeted genetic and epigenetic modifications without double-strand breaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in precise gene editing technologies.
  • To discuss the potential applications of base editing enzymes in various fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) and Cas9 nickase fused to deaminase domains for targeted base editing.
  • Employing adenine and cytidine deaminases for nucleotide conversion at specific DNA loci.

Main Results:

  • dCas9-based base editing offers a precise method for DNA modification without inducing double-strand breaks.
  • Adenine and cytidine deaminases facilitate targeted nucleotide conversions, expanding DNA editing possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Base-editing enzymes show significant promise for applications in fundamental biological research.
  • These technologies hold potential for crop trait development and the treatment of genetic diseases.