Unsupervised Hebbian learning experimentally realized with analogue memristive crossbar arrays

Conventional transistor electronics are reaching their limits in terms of scalability, power dissipation, and the underlying Boolean system architecture. To overcome this obstacle neuromorphic analogue systems are recently highly investigated. Particularly, the use of memristive devices in VLSI analogue concepts provides a promising pathway to realize novel bio-inspired computing architectures, which are able to unravel the foreseen difficulties of traditional electronics. Currently, a variety of materials and device structures are being studied along with novel computing schemes to make use of the attractive features of memristive devices for neuromorphic computing. However, a number of obstacles still have to be overcome to cast memristive devices into hardware systems. Most important is a physical implementation of memristive devices, which can cope with the high complexity of neural networks. This includes the integration of analogue and electroforming-free memristive devices into crossbar structures with no additional electronic components, such as selector devices. Here, an unsupervised, bio-motivated Hebbian based learning platform for visual pattern recognition is presented. The heart of the system is a crossbar array (16 × 16) which consists of selector-free and forming-free (non-filamentary) memristive devices, which exhibit analogue I-V characteristics.