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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Psychology as a Science01:13

Psychology as a Science

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Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
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Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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Internal Energy01:29

Internal Energy

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The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules or entities in the system. The kinetic energy of an individual molecule includes contributions due to its rotation and vibration, as well as its translational energy. The potential energy is associated only with the interactions between one molecule and the other molecules of the system. Neither the system's location nor its motion is of any consequence as far as the internal...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection
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Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: International State-of-the-Science Conference With Recommendations.

Nalini M Guda, Venkata Muddana, David C Whitcomb1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

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|June 13, 2018
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Summary

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) diagnosis and management guidelines were established. Experts identified gaps in understanding causes, treatment effectiveness, and areas needing further research for this global health issue.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Pancreatic Diseases

Background:

  • Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) affects patients globally, with 10-15% having unknown causes despite investigation.
  • Limited data exist on the natural history and effective treatments for RAP.

Framework:

  • Establish diagnostic criteria for RAP.
  • Evaluate causative factors and consensus on workup and management.
  • Utilize expert consensus and evidence-based recommendations.

Implementation:

  • Formed an international expert committee to address RAP.
  • Developed questions based on evidence and controversies in RAP.
  • Conducted a workshop at the America Pancreatic Association annual meeting.
  • Administered pretest/posttest questions and used the GRADE system for recommendations.

Implications:

  • Established consensus guidelines for RAP diagnosis and management via a diagnostic algorithm.
  • Identified critical deficiencies in data regarding RAP etiology and treatment efficacy.
  • Highlighted areas requiring immediate research to improve patient outcomes.