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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

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Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
652
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

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Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
615
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

524
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles
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A multireflection and multiwavelength residual stress determination method using energy dispersive diffraction.

Marianna Marciszko1, Andrzej Baczmański2, Manuela Klaus3

  • 1AGH University of Science and Technology, ACMIN, Aleja Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study used X-ray diffraction to analyze near-surface stress gradients in titanium. Synchrotron radiation allowed deeper stress measurements than traditional methods, showing good agreement between techniques.

Keywords:
MGIXDMMXDenergy dispersive diffractionhexagonal structuresmultireflection and multiwavelength X-ray diffractionmultireflection grazing incidence diffractionresidual stresssynchrotron radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding near-surface residual stress is crucial for material performance.
  • X-ray diffraction is a key technique for material characterization.
  • Investigating depth-dependent stress variations requires specialized methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structure and residual stress gradients in the near-surface region of materials.
  • To evaluate the multireflection method for depth-dependent stress analysis.
  • To compare laboratory X-ray diffraction with synchrotron-based energy dispersive diffraction.

Main Methods:

  • Multireflection grazing incidence diffraction using Cu Kα radiation.
  • Energy dispersive (ED) diffraction with a white synchrotron beam.
  • Analysis of depth-dependent stress variations in a Ti grade 2 sample.

Main Results:

  • The multireflection method effectively measured depth-dependent stress variations.
  • Good agreement was found between laboratory X-ray diffraction and synchrotron ED diffraction.
  • Synchrotron radiation enabled stress and lattice parameter measurements at greater depths.

Conclusions:

  • The multireflection method is applicable for near-surface stress gradient analysis.
  • Synchrotron ED diffraction offers advantages for deeper material analysis.
  • Both methods provide reliable data for characterizing mechanical treatments' effects on titanium.