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Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD.

G Salunkhe1, K Weissbrodt1, B Feige2

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) share overlapping symptoms. Elevated intrasubject variability and temporal processing deficits are linked to ADHD, even in those with ASD.

Keywords:
endophenotypesintrasubject variabilityresponse inhibitiontemporal reproductionworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Comparative psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are frequently comorbid.
  • Understanding the etiological overlap between ASD and ADHD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shared endophenotypes between ASD and ADHD.
  • To compare cognitive performance in individuals with ASD, ADHD, and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Examined performance on tasks measuring Intrasubject Variability (ISV) of reaction times, working memory (WM), inhibition, and temporal processing.
  • Compared groups: ASD with comorbid ADHD (ASD+), ASD without ADHD (ASD-), ADHD, and neurotypical controls.

Main Results:

  • Patients with ADHD or ASD+ exhibited elevated ISV and temporal processing deficits compared to controls and ASD-.
  • No significant differences in working memory or inhibition were observed across groups.
  • The heightened ISV and performance deficits in ASD+ were only partially explained by the additive effects of ADHD and ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Intrasubject variability and temporal processing deficits are sensitive indicators of ADHD symptomatology.
  • It is essential to account for ADHD comorbidity when evaluating ISV in individuals with ASD.