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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course
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Functional magnetic neuroimaging data on age-related differences in task switching accuracy and reverse
Chandramallika Basak1,2, Shuo Qin1,2, Kaoru Nashiro3
1School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
Data in Brief
|June 15, 2018
Summary
Older adults show distinct brain activity patterns during multitasking, impacting cognitive control. This research explores age-related differences in brain responses to task switching costs across different age groups.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Aging Research
Background:
- Cognitive control, essential for multitasking, can be affected by aging.
- Understanding age-related changes in brain activity during cognitive demanding tasks is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate age-related differences in brain activity (BOLD modulation) related to cognitive control costs during a multitasking paradigm.
- To examine how global switch costs (GSC), local switch costs (LSC), and compatibility switch costs (CSC) vary across different age groups.
Main Methods:
- Whole brain analyses were performed to identify brain regions sensitive to cognitive costs, independent of age.
- Brain-behavior relationships were assessed by correlating neural activations with behavioral measures (response times, accuracies) for global switch costs.
- Age-sensitive regions showing differential activation between younger and older adults were further analyzed for their relationship with cognitive performance.
Main Results:
- The study identified brain regions sensitive to cognitive costs across all age groups.
- Significant age-related differences were observed in behavioral performance and brain activity patterns during task switching.
- Brain-behavior correlations revealed distinct relationships between neural activity and cognitive performance in younger versus older adults, particularly in age-sensitive regions.
Conclusions:
- Aging is associated with altered brain activity and behavioral responses to cognitive control demands in multitasking.
- Older adults may under-recruit certain brain regions crucial for cognitive control, leading to different brain-behavior relationships compared to younger adults.
- These findings contribute to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive aging and task performance.
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