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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

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Published on: January 29, 2017

Solvent Additives: Key Morphology-Directing Agents for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells.

Caitlin McDowell¹, Maged Abdelsamie², Michael F Toney²

¹Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|June 15, 2018

Summary

Solvent additives enable fine control over organic solar cell morphology during fabrication. This review details their history, impact on film formation, and role in advancing organic photovoltaics (OPV) technology.

Keywords:

bulk heterojunctions morphology organic photovoltaics phase separation solvent additives

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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Energy Science

Background:

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) offer energy-efficient, cost-effective fabrication via solution processing.
Controlling the active layer morphology is crucial for enhancing OPV performance.
Solvent additives are a key experimental tool for morphology control.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the history and impact of solvent additives in solution-processed bulk heterojunction OPVs.
To present the current understanding of how solvent additives influence phase separation and film formation.
To discuss the evolving role of solvent additives in next-generation OPV technologies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on solvent additives and OPV morphology.
Analysis of in situ morphology characterization techniques.
Discussion of synergistic effects and applications in related organic electronics.

Main Results:

Solvent additives significantly influence film formation and phase separation during OPV fabrication.
Effective application and combination of solvent additives boost OPV performance.
Solvent additives are being explored in nonfullerene acceptors, ternary blends, and sustainable solvent systems.

Conclusions:

Solvent additives are versatile and effective for controlling OPV morphology and improving device performance.
Despite environmental concerns, they remain relevant for developing advanced OPV active layers.
Their application extends to other organic semiconductor technologies.