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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
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Language and the cerebellum.

Peter Mariën1, Renato Borgatti2

  • 1Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|June 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The cerebellum, once thought only for motor control, is now known to be vital for language processing. Research shows its role in motor speech and non-motor language functions in both children and adults.

Keywords:
Schmahmann syndromecerebellar malformationcerebellumdiaschisislanguage developmentlanguage disordersequencing hypothesisspeech articulationspeech disordertiming hypothesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • The cerebellum's role has expanded beyond sensorimotor coordination.
  • Emerging evidence implicates the cerebellum in cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the cerebellum's role in motor speech and non-motor language processing.
  • To highlight insights from neuroanatomy, functional neuroimaging, and clinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroanatomic studies identifying cerebellocerebral connections.
  • Analysis of functional neuroimaging data during language tasks.
  • Examination of clinical data from patients with cerebellar disease.

Main Results:

  • Neuroanatomy reveals reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and supratentorial association areas.
  • Neuroimaging confirms cerebellar involvement in language tasks, independent of motor control.
  • Clinical studies show linguistic deficits following cerebellar damage.

Conclusions:

  • The cerebellum plays a significant, lateralized role in diverse non-motor language functions.
  • Cerebellar involvement in language processing is mediated by timing and sequencing mechanisms.
  • Crossed cerebellocerebral diaschisis impacts remote cortical language regions after cerebellar lesions.