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Temperature, Color and the Brain: An Externalist Reply to the Knowledge Argument.

Paul Skokowski1

  • 1St Edmund Hall, Oxford University, Queen's Lane, Oxford, OX1 4AR United Kingdom.

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The knowledge argument against physicalism fails when considering externalist theories of mind. Neuroscience supports that externalist experiences differ, rendering the argument ineffective against these accounts.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Neuroscience
  • Epistemology

Background:

  • The knowledge argument posits that qualia, or subjective experiences, cannot be fully captured by physical facts.
  • This argument challenges physicalist theories of mind, suggesting a gap in physicalism's explanatory power.
  • Traditional formulations focus on internalist views of mental states and knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of the knowledge argument against externalist theories of mind.
  • To demonstrate how externalist accounts of mental states differ from internalist ones.
  • To reassess the implications of the knowledge argument in light of contemporary neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the structure and assumptions of the knowledge argument.
  • Contrasting internalist and externalist formulations of mental experience.
  • Integrating findings from neuroscience regarding the nature of experience and knowledge.
  • Re-evaluating the knowledge argument's premises within an externalist framework.

Main Results:

  • The knowledge argument, as traditionally formulated, relies on internalist assumptions about mental content and knowledge.
  • Externalist theories of mind propose that mental states depend on factors beyond the organism's internal physical constitution.
  • Neuroscience supports an externalist view, indicating that experience involves interactions with the external environment.
  • The enclosure of Mary in the thought experiment denies her access to external properties, thus limiting her physical knowledge by design.

Conclusions:

  • The knowledge argument does not succeed against externalist theories of mind.
  • Externalist theories of experience, supported by neuroscience, present a different model than that targeted by the knowledge argument.
  • The argument's failure against externalism suggests physicalism remains a viable theory of mind when formulated externally.