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Engineering cardiac microphysiological systems to model pathological extracellular matrix remodeling.

Nethika R Ariyasinghe1, Davi M Lyra-Leite1, Megan L McCain1,2

  • 1Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|June 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microphysiological systems offer precise control over the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) to study its impact on heart function. These advanced models reveal how ECM changes contribute to cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.

Keywords:
biomaterialscontractilityelectrophysiologymetabolismmicrofabrication

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases often involve pathological remodeling of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • ECM remodeling negatively impacts myocardial function and can lead to heart failure.
  • Existing models lack precise control over ECM properties, limiting understanding of ECM-heart function relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how microphysiological systems (MPS) can elucidate the direct effects of ECM remodeling on myocardial function.
  • To highlight advancements in mimicking ECM characteristics and controlling cellular architecture in vitro.
  • To discuss novel methods for quantifying myocardial function in MPS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prominent ECM remodeling characteristics in cardiovascular disease.
  • Description of biomaterial strategies for mimicking ECM properties (rigidity, composition).
  • Detailing microfabrication techniques for precise cellular architecture control (2D and 3D).
  • Overview of new methods for quantifying myocardial contractility, action potential propagation, and metabolism in vitro.

Main Results:

  • MPS allow unprecedented control over ECM parameters and cellular organization.
  • These systems enable direct correlation of specific ECM features with myocardial function.
  • Quantification of multiple functional aspects (contractility, electrophysiology, metabolism) is achievable.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac MPS are powerful tools for investigating the link between pathological ECM remodeling and myocardial dysfunction.
  • These systems offer fundamental insights into cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
  • Advancements in MPS promise improved human disease models and novel therapeutic strategies for heart conditions.