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Retest effects in working memory capacity tests: A meta-analysis.

Jana Scharfen1, Katrin Jansen2, Heinz Holling2

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Muenster, Germany. jana.scharfen@uni-muenster.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|June 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retest effects are common in working memory capacity tests, increasing with repeated administrations. Test-retest interval and publication year influence these effects, necessitating careful interpretation of scores.

Keywords:
Meta-analysisPractice effectRetest effectWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Repeated administration of working memory capacity tests is standard in clinical and research contexts.
  • Previous meta-analyses indicate cognitive and neuropsychological tests are susceptible to retest effects, requiring score interpretation adjustments.
  • Understanding retest effects is crucial for accurate assessment of cognitive function over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the reproducibility of retest effects in working memory capacity tests across up to seven administrations.
  • To investigate how test-retest interval length, test modality, form equivalence, and participant age impact retest effect size.
  • To examine if retest effect size varies depending on the specific working memory test paradigm used.

Main Methods:

  • A multilevel meta-analysis was employed to synthesize data from multiple studies.
  • An extensive literature search identified 234 effect sizes from 95 samples and 68 studies.
  • Data included healthy participants aged 12–70 years undergoing repeated working memory capacity testing.

Main Results:

  • A weighted average retest effect size of g = 0.28 was found between the first and second test administrations.
  • Retest effect sizes significantly increased up to the fourth test administration.
  • The length of the test-retest interval and the year of publication were identified as moderators of retest effect size.
  • Retest effects varied across different working memory capacity test paradigms.

Conclusions:

  • Retest effects in working memory capacity tests are reproducible and tend to increase with repeated administrations.
  • Factors such as the time between tests and when the study was published influence the magnitude of retest effects.
  • The findings underscore the need for methods to account for retest effects in working memory assessments.