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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

94.6K
Overview
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

303
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments
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[The reverse effects of allitridum on sodium current decrease caused by SCN5A-F1473S mutation].

Zhong-qi Cai, Wan-peng Li, Xi Chen

    Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
    |June 17, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Allitridum (All) significantly corrected reduced sodium current in cells with the SCN5A-F1473S mutation, offering potential for Brugada syndrome drug screening.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Brugada syndrome is a life-threatening condition linked to mutations in cardiac sodium channels, such as SCN5A-F1473S.
    • Reduced sodium current (INa) is a key pathophysiological feature of this mutation.
    • Developing targeted therapies to restore INa is crucial for Brugada syndrome treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of allitridum (All) in correcting the decreased sodium current caused by the SCN5A-F1473S mutation.
    • To explore the potential of All as a therapeutic agent for Brugada syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • HEK293 cells were transfected with SCN5A-F1473S channel plasmids.
    • Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to record sodium current and gating kinetics.
    • Confocal microscopy and Western blot analyzed channel protein expression and distribution.

    Main Results:

    • All administration (30 μmol·L(-1)) significantly increased sodium peak current in SCN5A-F1473S mutant cells, nearing control levels.
    • All shifted steady-state inactivation towards a more positive potential and slowed channel inactivation.
    • All enhanced the distribution and expression of the SCN5A channel protein in the cell membrane.

    Conclusions:

    • Allitridum effectively rescues the decreased sodium current in SCN5A-F1473S mutant cells.
    • The mechanism involves reduced channel inactivation and improved migration of the mutational channel.
    • All shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for Brugada syndrome.