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Early postoperative undernutrition following aortic valve replacement surgery
Agnès Sallé1, Emilie Dalmayrac1, Christophe Baufreton2
1Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition Department, CHU Angers, France.
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|June 18, 2018
Summary
Post-cardiac surgery, patients experience a significant drop in appetite and food intake, leading to a negative energy balance. This study highlights the risk of undernutrition after aortic valve replacement due to increased metabolism and decreased caloric consumption.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nutritional Science
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Loss of appetite is a common post-cardiac surgery observation.
- Limited data exists on energy needs and food intake after aortic valve replacement.
- This study aimed to assess undernutrition risk in well-nourished patients pre-surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the risk of early postoperative undernutrition following aortic valve replacement.
- To assess energy needs and spontaneous food intake in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.
Main Methods:
- A cross-over prospective observational study design was employed.
- Anthropometrics, energy balance, and appetite were measured pre- and post-procedure.
- Indirect calorimetry was used to determine energy expenditure.
Main Results:
- Post-surgery, patients showed increased weight and extracellular water, and elevated CRP levels.
- Ingested calories drastically decreased by 75% (1451 to 372 kcal), while energy expenditure increased by 20% (1358 to 1613 kcal).
- A severe loss of appetite was reported, unlike in the control group.
Conclusions:
- Aortic valve replacement surgery leads to a significantly negative energy balance.
- Increased metabolism and severe appetite loss prevent compensation for elevated energy expenditure.
- Patients are at high risk for undernutrition post-cardiac surgery.
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