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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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The center of gravity (COG) of an object is the point where the object's total weight is considered to be concentrated. Knowing the location of the center of gravity is useful when predicting the behavior of a moving object or designing static structures. In a uniform gravitational field, the center of gravity is similar to the center of mass (COM); yet, these two points can be positioned differently. For example, the Moon's center of mass lies very close to its geometric center, but...
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The center of gravity is the point at which an object's weight appears to be concentrated and can be used to balance the object perfectly. This point is essential in mechanics as it provides information regarding a body's stability and moments of inertia. The center of gravity does not always have to fall within the shape or boundaries of the body; it may also lie outside the body in certain cases.
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The center of mass is the point at which the total mass of an object can be said to be concentrated. It is a fundamental principle in mechanics and physics that applies to all objects regardless of their shape or size. The center of gravity is the point at which an object’s weight appears to be concentrated and can be used to balance the object perfectly.
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General plane motion, often observed in a rolling wheel, refers to a type of movement where the wheel is simultaneously rotating and translating. This complex motion can be understood by breaking it down into individual components.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives
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Gene Editing on Center Stage.

Rasmus O Bak1, Natalia Gomez-Ospina2, Matthew H Porteus2

  • 1Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|June 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homologous recombination and genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 offer new ways to treat genetic diseases. Advances in engineered nucleases accelerate the development of cures for currently incurable inherited conditions.

Keywords:
CRISPR–Cas9gene therapygenome editinghomologous recombination

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Homologous recombination (HR) was established as a potential therapeutic strategy for human diseases.
  • Early research demonstrated that inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) enhances HR efficiency.

Observation:

  • Engineered nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), were developed to create site-specific DSBs.
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system significantly democratized and broadened the application of genome editing.

Findings:

  • Genome editing tools, particularly ZFNs and TALENs, have progressed to clinical trials.
  • Numerous preclinical studies show promise for curing monogenic diseases using genome editing.

Implications:

  • Genome editing is poised to accelerate the treatment of genetic diseases in the coming years.
  • Continued research and development in genome editing hold the potential to understand, treat, and cure a range of genetic disorders.