Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.5K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.1K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.3K
Overview
80.3K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Occurrence of hemorrhage or radiological progression of residual cerebral arteriovenous malformations after incomplete surgical resection.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2026
Same author

Prognostic Nuances in the Microsurgical Resection of Arteriovenous Malformations in Areas of Critical Brain Function: A 25-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Towards Improved Outcomes for Cavernous Malformations of the Brainstem and Other "Critical" Function Brain Regions.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: neuroimaging approaches and evidence from a systematic review.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Prevalence of Systemic Hypertension and the Effects of Cerebral Revascularization in Patients With Moyamoya Disease.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Cavernous Sinus Exenteration for Invasive Mucormycosis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats
10:15

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2019

8.8K

Engineered stem cell mimics to enhance stroke recovery.

Paul M George1, Byeongtaek Oh2, Ruby Dewi3

  • 1Department of Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Biomaterials
|June 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Biomaterials can deliver stem cell trophic factors to improve stroke recovery. This hydrogel system, releasing VEGF-A and MMP-9, matched stem cell treatment efficacy in rodents, downregulating CTGF signaling.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsConnective tissue growth factorHydrogelStem cellsStrokeStroke recovery

More Related Videos

Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants
13:19

Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants

Published on: June 3, 2022

6.0K
Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
21:08

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein

Published on: December 28, 2009

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats
10:15

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2019

8.8K
Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants
13:19

Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants

Published on: June 3, 2022

6.0K
Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
21:08

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein

Published on: December 28, 2009

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Current stroke recovery lacks effective medical therapies.
  • Stem cell therapy shows promise but faces challenges in stability and reproducibility.
  • Therapeutic benefits of stem cells are attributed to secreted trophic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biomaterial-based system for delivering key stem cell-secreted factors for stroke recovery.
  • To investigate the efficacy of a multi-component hydrogel releasing VEGF-A and MMP-9 in a rodent stroke model.
  • To explore the role of the CTGF pathway in stroke recovery mediated by the hydrogel system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multi-component hydrogel system for controlled release of trophic factors.
  • Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) via the hydrogel post-stroke.
  • Assessment of functional recovery in a rodent stroke model and analysis of the CTGF pathway.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogel system effectively released essential trophic factors, VEGF-A and MMP-9.
  • Delivery of VEGF-A and MMP-9 using the hydrogel system significantly improved stroke recovery in rodents.
  • The observed stroke recovery was comparable to that achieved with traditional stem cell treatments.
  • Both hydrogel and stem cell treatments led to the downregulation of the CTGF pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Biomaterial-based delivery of stem cell trophic factors offers a viable alternative to cell-based therapies for stroke recovery.
  • The developed hydrogel system successfully delivered VEGF-A and MMP-9, enhancing functional recovery post-stroke.
  • The CTGF pathway is implicated in stroke recovery and is modulated by both stem cell therapy and biomaterial delivery of key factors.