Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

6.0K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.0K
Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups01:14

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

8.6K
Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
8.6K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.6K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.6K
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

51.8K
Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
51.8K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.5K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.5K
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

16.6K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
16.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regional machine learning-based estimation of methane emissions from rice cultivation in South Korea.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Myostatin inhibition from preconception through lactation improves maternal muscle and skeletal health in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine mouse model.

Bone·2026
Same author

Distinct Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Differentially Regulate Skeletal Stem Cells in Calvaria Versus Long Bones During Bone Regeneration.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Mx1-labeled pulp progenitor cells are the main contributors of odontoblast and dentin regeneration in murine molars.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2025
Same author

Maternal Health and Safety Outcomes of Prenatal Myostatin Inhibition in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mice.

Endocrinology·2025
Same author

Development and user experience evaluation of a virtual reality-based cognitive-assessment tool for older adults: Preliminary study.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult·2025
Same journal

When X Does Not Mark the Spot: Autosomal Dominant and Recessive Forms of Renal Hypophosphatemic Rickets and Osteomalacia.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same journal

Beyond Fracture Probability: Communicating the Full Consequences of Fracture and Contextualization.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same journal

Time-Lapse HR-pQCT: an in Vivo Imaging-Based Assessment of Bone Remodeling Dynamics.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same journal

Cone Beam Computed Tomography of Bonejaws in Patients With Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same journal

Testosterone and Bone Health in Men.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same journal

Stimulant Medications and Bone Health.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish
09:39

Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish

Published on: December 26, 2014

11.3K

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Muscle-Bone Interactions when Bi-directionally Compromised.

Charlotte L Phillips1,2, Youngjae Jeong3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. phillipscl@missouri.edu.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|June 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) causes skeletal fragility and muscle weakness. Understanding muscle-bone interactions in OI is crucial for developing new treatments for this connective tissue disorder.

Keywords:
Activin receptor IIBBiomechanicsCrosstalkMusculoskeletalMyostatinPhysical activity

More Related Videos

An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur
09:26

An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur

Published on: October 23, 2017

7.9K
Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
05:10

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

751

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish
09:39

Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish

Published on: December 26, 2014

11.3K
An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur
09:26

An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur

Published on: October 23, 2017

7.9K
Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
05:10

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

751

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Musculoskeletal Research
  • Connective Tissue Disorders

Background:

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by skeletal fragility.
  • Recent research indicates significant muscle weakness is also a feature of OI.
  • The interplay between muscle and bone in OI is increasingly recognized as critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the impact of impaired muscle function in OI.
  • To highlight the effects on muscle-bone interactions and skeletal strength.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding these interdependencies for treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It draws upon studies involving OI patients and relevant animal models.
  • Focuses on mechanisms underlying muscle and bone pathology in OI.

Main Results:

  • Altered mechanosensing, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to OI pathogenesis.
  • Muscle weakness in OI affects the muscle-bone unit's response to therapies.
  • Paracrine and endocrine signaling crosstalk are implicated in OI development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interdependence of muscle and bone in OI is essential.
  • This knowledge will drive novel physiotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions.
  • New approaches are needed to treat OI and related musculoskeletal disorders.