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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

29.7K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

17.3K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
17.3K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

7.0K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
7.0K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

15.1K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
15.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.9K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.9K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.0K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
18.0K

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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates
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Chiral Plasmonic Fields Probe Structural Order of Biointerfaces.

Christopher Kelly1, Ryan Tullius1, Adrian J Lapthorn1

  • 1School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superchirality, enhanced plasmonic fields, can now monitor the structural order of complex protein layers. This breakthrough allows for the study of real biological interfaces without needing known compositions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Surface Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Biopolymer structural order at interfaces is critical for biological interactions.
  • Existing spectroscopic methods are limited to simple, single-component systems and often require labels.
  • Complex, multicomponent biological layers have challenging spectral signatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the sensitivity of superchiral plasmonic fields to global orientational order in protein layers.
  • To validate the method using numerical simulations and model systems.
  • To establish superchirality as a tool for analyzing complex biological interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing superchiral plasmonic fields to probe protein layers.
  • Monitoring orientational order evolution in immunoglobulin G layers.
  • Analyzing structural order changes in blood serum protein layers without prior composition knowledge.

Main Results:

  • Superchirality detects anisotropic electric dipole-magnetic dipole responses, indicating structural order.
  • The method successfully monitored orientational order in both model and complex protein layers.
  • Qualitative changes in blood serum protein layer composition were correlated with structural order alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Superchirality is sensitive to global orientational order in protein layers.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of traditional methods for complex biological interfaces.
  • Superchirality offers a powerful new tool for studying structural dynamics in real biological systems.