Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

1.6K
Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
1.6K
Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

7.1K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
7.1K
Increasing Function01:18

Increasing Function

400
An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
400
Types of Aggregate Grading01:15

Types of Aggregate Grading

1.5K
Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
1.5K
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

1.4K
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.4K
Red Algae01:23

Red Algae

1.0K
Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Limb Disuse Trials in Humans: Key Insights on Study Design, Ethics, and Project Execution.

Exercise and sport sciences reviews·2026
Same author

Effects of Modest Carbohydrate-Energy Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations in Trained Men: A Crossover Trial.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Early cardiometabolic dysfunction: subclinical indicators and sex-specific considerations.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

The Effect of Habitual Caffeine Use on Strength, Power, and Muscular Endurance Performance in Collegiate Athletes.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same author

Research into resistance training response heterogeneity: a summary of the 2025 conference at the University of Jyväskylä.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Treatment of Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease by External Counterpulsation A Randomized Clinical Trial.

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias·2026
Same journal

Risk of Menstrual Dysfunction, Low Energy Availability, Eating Disorders and Injury in the First All-Female UK Military Team Rowing 3000 Miles Across the Atlantic.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Phytotherapy in Sports Performance and Recovery: A Bibliometric Mapping of Research Themes and Trends.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Competitive Stress Elicits Distinct Psychophysiological and Immunological Responses in Sub-Elite Water Polo Players.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Multidimensional Predictors of Ranking-Based Competitive Success in National-Level Junior Tennis Players: Evidence for the Dominant Role of Physical Performance.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Acute Moderate-Dose β-Alanine Improves Exercise Efficiency via Bicarbonate-Related Mechanisms During a Cycling Time Trial.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Sustainable Athletes' Career Pathways and Mental Health Support: An Integrative Umbrella Review.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
06:00

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test

Published on: July 27, 2015

13.1K

Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing.

Angelique N Moore1,2, Cody T Haun3, Wesley C Kephart4

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USA. amoore@auburn.vcom.edu.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red spinach extract (RSE) supplementation significantly increased VO₂ at the ventilatory threshold during graded exercise testing. This suggests RSE may offer an ergogenic benefit by delaying fatigue during exercise.

Keywords:
Amaranthus dubiusanaerobic thresholdendurance exercisenitratesubmaximal

More Related Videos

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.4K
Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
06:00

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test

Published on: July 27, 2015

13.1K
Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.4K
Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Investigated the acute effects of red spinach extract (RSE) on exercise performance markers.
  • Utilized a 1000 mg dose of RSE, providing approximately 90 mg of nitrate (NO 3 -).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ergogenic potential of RSE supplementation during graded exercise testing (GXT).
  • To assess the impact of RSE on physiological performance indicators and nitrate/nitrite levels.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 15 recreationally active participants.
  • Administered RSE or placebo (PBO) 65-75 minutes before GXT, with blood sampling at baseline, pre-GXT, and post-GXT.
  • Monitored expired gases during GXT to determine ventilatory threshold and maximal aerobic power (VO₂ peak).

Main Results:

  • Plasma nitrate (NO 3 -) concentrations significantly increased post-ingestion and post-GXT with RSE compared to PBO.
  • VO₂ at the ventilatory threshold was significantly higher (+6.1%) with RSE versus PBO (p < 0.05).
  • No significant differences were observed in time-to-exhaustion or VO₂ peak between RSE and PBO groups.

Conclusions:

  • Red spinach extract supplementation may enhance exercise performance by delaying the ventilatory threshold.
  • RSE demonstrates potential as a nutritional supplement for improving endurance capacity.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms and optimal dosing of RSE for ergogenic effects.