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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
Published on: August 19, 2013
Boronic acid-DMAPO cooperative catalysis for dehydrative condensation between carboxylic acids and amines
Kazuaki Ishihara1,2, Yanhui Lu1
1Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho, Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan .
Abstract:
Arylboronic acid and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine N-oxide (DMAPO) cooperatively catalyse the dehydrative condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and amines to give the corresponding amides under azeotropic reflux conditions. This cooperative use is much more effective than their individual use as catalysts, and chemoselectively promotes the amide condensation of (poly)conjugated carboxylic acids. The present method is practical and scalable, and has been applied to the synthesis of sitagliptin and a drug candidate.
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