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Body Structure, Function, Activity, and Participation in 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Born Very Preterm: An ICF-Based

Tara L FitzGerald1,2,3, Amanda K L Kwong1,2,3, Jeanie L Y Cheong2,3,4

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Physical Therapy
|June 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children born very preterm (VP) show poorer motor skills and higher risks of impairment compared to full-term (FT) peers. More research is needed on participation outcomes for VP children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework, Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY), is crucial for understanding challenges in very preterm (VP) children.
  • Existing reviews lack a focus on preschool-age motor outcomes within the ICF-CY domains for VP populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare the motor outcomes of 3- to 6-year-old children born very preterm (VP) versus full-term (FT).
  • To analyze these outcomes through the lens of the ICF-CY framework.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of four electronic databases and reference lists was conducted.
  • Studies comparing motor outcomes in VP (<32 weeks' gestation or <1500g) and FT children aged 3-6 years were included.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-six studies revealed consistently poorer activity motor performance in VP children (SMD -0.71).
  • VP children exhibited a higher relative risk of motor impairment (RR 3.39) and neurological dysfunction (RR 4.55).
  • Data for body structure/function outcomes were heterogeneous; participation data were absent.

Conclusions:

  • Very preterm children face significant motor impairments in activity and body structure/function domains compared to full-term peers.
  • There is a notable lack of research on participation outcomes for VP children aged 3-6.
  • Further investigation into the participation of VP children is essential.
Abstract

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