Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.4K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.4K
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

4.4K
Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
4.4K
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

803
Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
803
Microbial Growth Media01:27

Microbial Growth Media

2.1K
Microbial growth media are essential tools in microbiology, providing the nutrients and conditions necessary to cultivate and study microorganisms. These media are categorized by their composition, consistency, and functional roles, enabling researchers to investigate microbial physiology, behavior, and interactions.Types and Consistencies of Growth MediaGrowth media can be solid, liquid, or semisolid. Solid media, often agar-based, allow visible colony growth for isolation and enumeration.
2.1K
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

41.0K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
41.0K
Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer02:57

Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer

43.5K
Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
43.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spectral weighting of interaural time differences near the low-frequency dominant region in young and middle-aged adults.

JASA express letters·2026
Same author

Speech-in-noise recognition during hearing protector use: Human performance and acoustic prediction.

Hearing research·2026
Same author

A perceptual grouping model for auditory kappa effects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same author

Two-dimensional sound localization during hearing protector use: Human performance and acoustic prediction.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Persistent impairment of spatial hearing and neural binaural interaction after "temporary" noise-induced hearing loss.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Audiometry in Ossicular Reconstruction.

Otolaryngologic clinics of North America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
06:42

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.0K

Intracochlear Pressures in Simulated Otitis Media With Effusion: A Temporal Bone Study.

Mohamed A Alhussaini1,2, Renee M Banakis Hartl1, Victor Benichoux3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Simulated otitis media with effusion reduces intracochlear pressure less than umbo velocity. This suggests umbo velocity may overestimate hearing loss, indicating an alternate sound pathway to the inner ear.

More Related Videos

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
11:29

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

2.4K
A Microfluidic Platform to Study Bioclogging in Porous Media
05:10

A Microfluidic Platform to Study Bioclogging in Porous Media

Published on: October 13, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
06:42

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.0K
Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
11:29

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

2.4K
A Microfluidic Platform to Study Bioclogging in Porous Media
05:10

A Microfluidic Platform to Study Bioclogging in Porous Media

Published on: October 13, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Auditory Physiology

Background:

  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a primary cause of temporary hearing loss in children.
  • OME can cause hearing deficits ranging from 30 to 40 dB.
  • Previous research focused on ossicular mechanics, not direct cochlear stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure cochlear pressures during simulated OME.
  • To compare intracochlear pressures with umbo velocity.
  • To investigate sound conduction to the inner ear during effusion.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated OME in cadaveric human heads using water.
  • Measured intracochlear pressures (scala vestibuli and tympani) with fiber optic probes.
  • Measured umbo velocity using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV).

Main Results:

  • Middle ear effusion reduced umbo velocity by up to ~26 dB.
  • Differential cochlear pressure (PDiff) decreased by only ~16 dB.
  • Intracochlear pressures decreased less than umbo velocity.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated OME causes frequency-dependent reductions in intracochlear sound pressure.
  • Umbo velocity may overestimate conductive hearing loss in OME.
  • An alternative sound conduction pathway to the inner ear is suggested during effusion.