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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens
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Decoding the noncoding genome via large-scale CRISPR screens.

Abhijit Shukla1, Danwei Huangfu1

  • 1Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
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CRISPR-Cas systems enable high-throughput screening of the noncoding genome, accelerating the discovery of functional regulatory elements and their roles in gene regulation and disease. This technology is key to understanding disease mechanisms and developing novel therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human genome contains functional noncoding elements crucial for biological processes and disease risk.
  • Identifying the precise functions of these noncoding sequences presents a significant scientific challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems for high-throughput screening of the noncoding genome.
  • To discuss the tools, methods, and technical considerations for these screens in mammalian systems.
  • To highlight the impact of these screens on understanding gene regulation, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing CRISPR-Cas systems for targeted genome and epigenome perturbation.
  • Implementing high-throughput screening strategies to analyze noncoding genomic elements.
  • Summarizing existing tools and methodologies for noncoding genome screens in mammalian models.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-based screens are rapidly advancing the identification of functional noncoding regulatory elements.
  • These screens are transforming the understanding of gene regulation and its links to disease.
  • Discoveries from these screens have implications for developing new therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas technology offers a powerful and efficient approach to functionally annotate the noncoding genome.
  • Continued development of screening tools and methods will further elucidate gene regulation and disease pathways.
  • This field holds significant promise for future therapeutic innovations.