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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.5K
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

7.1K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

21.8K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles
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Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

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Optical assays based on colloidal inorganic nanoparticles.

Amir Ghasemi1, Navid Rabiee2, Sepideh Ahmadi3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran and Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The Analyst
|June 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Inorganic nanoparticles, like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), enable colorimetric assays for detecting environmental contaminants and disease biomarkers. Their synthesis and surface modifications are key to diverse optical and catalytic applications.

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Design and Development of Aptamer–Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Assays

Background:

  • Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles are crucial for analyte detection and biological assays.
  • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used, exhibiting a color change upon aggregation for detection.
  • Various nanoparticle types offer unique optical and catalytic properties for assay development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic nanoparticles.
  • To explore the diverse applications of nanoparticles in colorimetric and optical assays.
  • To highlight their use in environmental monitoring and disease diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and stabilization of various inorganic nanoparticles (AuNPs, AgNPs, magnetic NPs, metal oxides, insulators).
  • Functionalization of nanoparticles with probes (nucleic acids, antibodies, affinity agents).
  • Utilizing optical techniques like surface plasmon resonance and SERS for detection.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles enable sensitive colorimetric and optical detection of analytes.
  • AuNP aggregation assays provide visual readouts for analyte presence.
  • Nanocomposites and modified nanoparticles offer enhanced assay performance.
  • Certain nanoparticles act as effective peroxidase mimics in catalytic assays.

Conclusions:

  • Inorganic nanoparticles are versatile tools for developing advanced colorimetric and optical assays.
  • These assays are applicable for detecting environmental pollutants and medically relevant biomarkers.
  • Further research into nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization will expand their diagnostic and monitoring capabilities.