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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes
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Ocean warming alters predicted microbiome functionality in a common sea urchin.

Cecilia J Brothers1, William J Van Der Pol2, Casey D Morrow3

  • 1Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA ceciliajbrothers@gmail.com.

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|June 22, 2018
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Summary

Elevated seawater temperatures did not alter sea urchin microbial diversity but shifted predicted functions, impacting digestive and immune health. This suggests climate change may affect sea urchin physiology.

Keywords:
16S rRNALytechinus variegatusPICRUStclimate changemicrobial ecologynext-generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • The sea urchin microbiome is crucial for digestive health and innate immunity.
  • Understanding the impact of environmental stressors on marine invertebrate microbiomes is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of long-term elevated seawater temperatures on the microbiome of *Lytechinus variegatus*.
  • To assess changes in microbial community composition, diversity, and predicted functions.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term (90-day) exposure of *Lytechinus variegatus* to elevated seawater temperatures.
  • Analysis of microbial communities across various sea urchin-associated samples (seawater, feed, intestines, coelomic fluid, digested pellet, faeces).
  • Bioinformatic analysis of microbial community structure and predicted metagenomic functions.

Main Results:

  • Microbial diversity varied significantly across different sample types, with the lowest diversity in intestinal tissue.
  • Sea urchins exposed to elevated temperatures maintained overall microbial community structure and diversity.
  • Marginal shifts in microbial structure under elevated temperatures led to significant changes in predicted functions like membrane transport and metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Near-future climate-induced increases in seawater temperature may alter sea urchin microbial community function.
  • Predicted shifts in metabolic functions suggest potential impacts on sea urchin digestive and immune physiology.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the consequences of climate change on sea urchin health.