Dual energy CT for evaluation of polycystic kidneys: a multi reader study of interpretation time and diagnostic...

To compare dual-energy CT (DECT) iodine overlay images with renal mass protocol CT in the evaluation of polycystic kidneys with respect to reading time, diagnostic confidence, and detection of renal lesions that are not definitively benign.

Following IRB approval, portal venous phase dual-source DECT scans performed between September 2013 and February 2016 from 55 patients (mean age 67 ± 15 years, 31 male, 24 female) with polycystic kidneys (4 or more cysts) were included. For each patient, two image sets were created: (1) DECT post-processed iodine overlay images and (2) simulated renal mass protocol CT images (virtual noncontrast and mixed images). Two radiologists independently retrospectively reviewed both sets at separate time points, evaluating for the presence of lesions that were not definitively benign (enhancing lesions or Bosniak IIF cysts), as well as reading times and Likert scale diagnostic confidence ratings (scaled 1-5) for the presence of non-benign lesions. Reading times were compared with a t test, diagnostic confidence with a McNemar test, and lesion number detection with Cohen's kappa test.

Iodine overlay images were read faster (mean 55 ± 26 s) than renal mass protocol (mean 105 ± 51 s) (p < 0.001). Readers assigned the highest diagnostic confidence rating in 64% using iodine overlay series, compared to 17% using renal mass protocol (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with recorded lesions was not significantly different between methods (p = 0.62).

DECT improves lesion assessment in polycystic kidneys by decreasing reading times and increasing diagnostic confidence, without affecting lesion detection rates.