Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

551
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
551
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

720
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
720
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

768
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
768
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

317
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
317
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

538
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
538
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

498
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
498

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial Comment.

The Journal of urology·2026
Same author

Pediatric functional kidney MRI: advancements, challenges, and the value of quantitative multiparametric imaging.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same author

Pediatric magnetic resonance urography from patient preparation to post-processing: basics and controversies.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same author

Delivery room resuscitation of conjoined twins.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Establishing a dynamic magnetic resonance genitography protocol for presurgical evaluation of genitourinary malformations: a single-center experience.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same author

Introducing the M-factor: A ratio to normalize measurements of pubic diastasis with growth.

Journal of pediatric urology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K

Rater reliability of postnatal urinary tract dilation consensus classification.

Susan J Back1, J Christopher Edgar2, Dana A Weiss3

  • 1Division of Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. backs@email.chop.edu.

Pediatric Radiology
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system shows good reliability for renal ultrasound (RBUS) interpretation in infants. However, improving consistency in calyceal dilation assessment is key for better diagnostic consensus.

Keywords:
HydronephrosisInfantPostnatalReproducibilityUltrasoundUrinary tract dilation

More Related Videos

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection
09:24

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: August 5, 2010

37.4K
Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K
Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection
09:24

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: August 5, 2010

37.4K
Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Urology

Background:

  • The multidisciplinary urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system was established in 2014.
  • It aims to standardize definitions and interpretation of renal/bladder ultrasound (RBUS) images.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the UTD classification system.
  • Evaluation focused on postnatal RBUS interpretation in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty infants (<12 months) with urinary tract dilation underwent retrospective RBUS.
  • A pediatric urologist and four radiologists scored anonymized supine and prone kidney images twice.
  • Measurements included anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter, calyceal, ureteral, and bladder abnormalities, leading to a UTD score per kidney.

Main Results:

  • High intra-rater reliability for anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter (ICC >0.95).
  • Inter-rater kappa values for UTD scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.77; intra-rater kappa values ranged from 0.74 to 0.92.
  • Greatest rater discrepancy was observed in the interpretation of central and peripheral calyceal dilation.

Conclusions:

  • The UTD classification system demonstrates acceptable reliability, comparable to existing grading systems.
  • Improving consistency in assessing calyceal dilation is crucial for enhancing the overall reliability of the UTD classification system.